Reprinted from听Colorado Arts and Sciences Magazine
In his upcoming book, 鈥楬oof Beats: How Horses Shaped Human History,鈥� William Taylor writes that today鈥檚 world has been molded by humans鈥� relationship to horses
Nearly a million years ago in what is now southern England, human ancestors called听Homo heidelbergensis听were creating tools from horse bones. Fast forward to about 30,000 years ago, and humans across Europe and northern Eurasia were regularly painting horses on cave walls and carving their likenesses from bone and ivory.
鈥淭he connection between people and horses is among the most ancient connections that we have with the animal world,鈥� says听William Taylor, an assistant professor of anthropology at the 精品SM在线影片 and curator of archaeology for the 精品SM在线影片 Museum of Natural History.
But Taylor says it鈥檚 what happened about 4,000 years ago that really changed things. That鈥檚 when people living in the grasslands near the Black Sea first domesticated horses.
William Taylor, a 精品SM在线影片 assistant professor of anthropology and curator of archaeology for the 精品SM在线影片 Museum of Natural History, notes that "the connection between people and horses is among the most ancient connections that we have with the animal world.鈥�
And when that happened, Taylor says the effect on the world and the centuries that followed was not a gradual development 鈥渂ut a sudden jolt, a shock to the system鈥� that influenced nearly every aspect of human life鈥時evolutionizing things like transportation, agriculture and warfare.
鈥淎fter domestication, horses spread like wildfire, stampeding into new societies, creating new partnerships with people that shook up the structure of the ancient world almost听everywhere they went,鈥� he explains.听
It鈥檚 just one of the many insights in Taylor鈥檚 new book听, available Aug. 6. Taylor鈥檚 book also has received the听spring 2024 Kayden Book Award听from the 精品SM在线影片 College of Arts and Sciences, with a $5,000 award听given annually to a book representing excellence in history and the arts.
In the book, Taylor offers a broad swath of the horse-human connection along with new findings based on more than a decade of researching horse domestication and archeological fieldwork around the globe鈥昳n places like the Eurasian steppes, the mountains of inner Asia, the听pampas听of Argentina and the Great Plains of North America.
鈥淭hese are places and cultures that have had a tremendous impact on human history, but factors like low population densities, tough weather, difficult fieldwork, lack of written records and bias from written records that do exist have all helped keep that story from being properly integrated into the bigger picture,鈥� Taylor says.
Breaking new ground
Taylor is helping break new ground with his scientific perspective on horse domestication, the timing and origins of which scholars have argued over for decades. Taylor says his book tells 鈥渁 very different narrative鈥� about the origins of horse domestication, one that鈥檚 grounded in interdisciplinary science.听
One of the book鈥檚 main threads, he says, is to understand that nearly all of the most important facts about horses can be told well only by combining other kinds of information with archaeology.
William Taylor's book听Hoof Beats: How Horses Shaped Human History听has received the听spring 2024 Kayden Book Award听from the 精品SM在线影片 College of Arts and Sciences.
鈥淭he book relies first and foremost on the archaeological record, and to pair the most cutting-edge and up-to-date scientific information with all the other insights we gain from things like ecology, evolutionary biology, oral traditions, historical records and everything in between.鈥�
The book connects this new understanding of horse domestication with new insights into the timing of key innovations, including the origins of horse cavalry and equipment like the saddle and stirrup, which seem to be 鈥渃losely intertwined with cultures from the steppe,鈥� Taylor says.听
One of Taylor鈥檚 newest findings is the role ancient people in Mongolia played in innovating the saddle and the stirrup, two technologies that Taylor says most people take for granted today, but which really revolutionized what people could do while mounted.
鈥淪addles and stirrups allowed folks to do all sorts of things on horseback that were harder before, like staying mounted with heavy armor, bracing for impact with heavy weapons like lances or standing in the saddle for archery. Our recent collaborative scholarship shows that Mongolian cultures were doing this by the 4th or 5th听centuries.鈥�
To understand Taylor鈥檚 interest in horses, he says it helps to look at his own history. 鈥淚 first became interested in the human-horse story as a way of understanding my family and their own past,鈥� he says.
His grandfather was a cowboy, and Taylor鈥檚 dad grew up with horses, too. Taylor is from the first generation in his family that didn't grow up with horses.
鈥淪o, when I started studying the ancient world, I was immediately drawn to understanding horses. One of my first experiences as a student was getting to study the skeleton of a 2,500-year-old horse. That鈥檚 when I became really curious about all the things we could learn about people through the study of horse remains. Living in places like Montana or Colorado today, we are still in a legacy horse culture.鈥�
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