John P. Frazee, Director of Faculty Relations, University of Colorado-Boulder
From InsideHigherEd.com, October 31, 2011
As director of faculty relations at the University of Colorado, I work with faculty members and academic administrators to resolve workplace conflicts. Over the four-plus years I鈥檝e served in this role, an unmistakable pattern has emerged. When a faculty member or administrator comes to me to discuss a conflict he or she is having with a colleague, I can be all but certain that the conflict will be documented in a series of email exchanges between the parties. Reviewing dozens of these exchanges, I鈥檓 convinced that email is more than a record of conflict. In most cases, email exacerbates conflict. In some cases, email can itself be the source of conflict.
Recognizing this fact, I have been on a mission over the last couple of years. I have regularly advised faculty members and administrators not to use email for substantive discussions of any kind. If what you need to say will be more than a couple of paragraphs in length, I have told them, use email only to schedule a telephone call or (preferably) a face-to-face meeting. It鈥檚 sound advice, but few are able to follow it.
Little wonder: email is an undeniably powerful tool for communication, with many tempting features. You can deal with an issue promptly, either settling it or鈥攁lmost as good鈥攎ove it to someone else鈥檚 to-do list. You can communicate with a large number of people with a minimum of effort. Simply add recipients to your list鈥攖he auto-complete function makes this quick and simple鈥攁nd your message is ready to go to multiple readers. You can write and send an email at 3:00 a.m., knowing that its recipients will receive it whenever they access their email accounts. And with the advent of smartphones, you can send and receive emails from just about anywhere.Finally鈥攍et鈥檚 be honest鈥攚ith email you can avoid having what might be a difficult face-to-face or telephone conversation with a colleague.
Unfortunately, each of email鈥檚 tempting features carries with it the potential for creating or escalating conflict. For example, the ability to respond promptly to emails at any time and from anywhere carries with it strong pressure to respond promptly. If the issue at hand is whether to buy this or that brand of copy paper, being able to respond promptly is good.
But when the issue is substantive, the felt urgency to respond immediately opens the door to all kinds of trouble. I suspect that none of us would sit down and bang out a memo in response to a printed memo we鈥檝e just received. We would probably read it over a couple of times, make some notes in the margin, draft a response, set the draft aside for later review, perhaps even have someone else read it before printing it and putting it in the mail. With email, however, we鈥檙e likely to do few or none of the reflection-inducing activities that hard-copy communication requires.
It鈥檚 worth noting that printed memos are typically exchanged at work and during working hours, a logistical necessity that acts as a useful restraint on hasty and ill-considered communication. But email has all but eliminated the distinction between work life and home life and between working hours and leisure hours. (How quaint the phrases 鈥渉ome life鈥� and 鈥渓eisure hours鈥� now seem!)
But just because you can send a work email from home late at night doesn鈥檛 mean you should. Emailing can wind you up even as your body鈥攁nd good judgment鈥攊s winding down. Drink a glass or two of wine鈥攕omething few would do at work鈥攁nd the risk of writing something you鈥檒l regret rises substantially. I once had a colleague whose email messages were offensive in direct relation to the time of night he sent them鈥攁nd, sadly, to his state of intoxication. Under the influence or not, sending work emails at night from home increases the risk of firing up a conflict.
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The ease of reaching a wide audience instantaneously can be a major escalator of conflict. Copying an entire department in on a conversation that would otherwise be private鈥攊ncluding forwarding an email message intended to be just between the sender and you鈥攙irtually guarantees conflict. It鈥檚 much harder to change your mind when your position has been broadcast to others. Tempers flare. Positions harden.
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Finally, the notion that sending an email will avoid conflict is an illusion. While you may be more comfortable communicating via email than talking face to face, it is comfort purchased only temporarily鈥攁nd at the steep price of setting in motion a round of response, counter-response, and escalating conflict.
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And yet the temptations of using email all too often overwhelm consideration of its risks. So lately I鈥檝e been changing my advice. If you can鈥檛 resist using email for substantive and potentially difficult communication, at least pause long enough to take a couple of simple steps. First, assess your relationship with the person to whom you鈥檙e sending a message. If you have a strong working and personal relationship with your recipient, he or she will be more likely to understand your words as you intend them. If you don鈥檛, be exceedingly careful in what you write. Treat your message as you would a formal memo. Draft. Revise. Have someone else read your draft. Above all, don鈥檛 send a substantive email at night. Sleep on it.
Second, before hitting send, consider how you鈥檒l feel if your message is forwarded to others, including not only your department colleagues but colleagues around the country, not to mention the press. There鈥檚 no such thing as a confidential email. If you think your addressee may misunderstand your intention and meaning, just wait until outsiders read your email.
If, despite all your care, your email prompts a negative response from its recipient鈥擨 warned you!鈥攄on鈥檛 send another email explaining what you meant or justifying yourself. Allow yourself only one round of email. Thereafter, arrange to meet in person to clear things up.
As for me, I鈥檓 generally pretty good at taking my own advice. I have to admit, though, that I sometimes succumb to the temptation to use email for a substantive exchange with a colleague鈥攚ith predictable results. So I have great sympathy for my colleagues who turn to me for help to resolve conflicts that their email exchanges have caused or escalated.