精品SM在线影片

A situation in which an individual accepts or incurs conflicting obligations between or among multiple employers or other entities. Many organizational policies define conflicts of commitment as conflicting commitments of time and effort, including obligations to dedicate time in excess of organizational or research agency policies or commitments. Other types of conflicting obligations, including obligations to improperly share information with, or to withhold information from, an employer or research agency, can also threaten research security and integrity, and are an element of a broader concept of conflicts of commitment used at 精品SM在线影片.听

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Information that requires safeguarding or dissemination controls consistent with applicable laws, regulations, and Government-wide policies, but is not classified.听

(a) All resources made available, or expected to be made available, to an individual in support of the individual鈥檚 research and development efforts, regardless of (i) whether the source is foreign or domestic; (ii) whether the resource is made available through the entity applying for a research and development award or directly to the individual; or (iii) whether the resource has monetary value; and (b) includes in-kind contributions requiring a commitment of time and directly supporting the individual鈥檚 research and development efforts, such as the provision of office or laboratory space, equipment, supplies, employees or students. This term has the same meaning as the term Other Support as applied to researchers in NSPM-33. For researchers, Other Support includes all resources made available to a researcher in support of and/or related to all of their professional R&D efforts, including resources provided directly to the individual rather than through the research organization, and regardless of whether or not they have monetary value (e.g.听even if the support received is only in-kind, such as office/laboratory space, equipment, supplies听or employees). This includes resource and/or financial support from all foreign and domestic entities, including but not limited to, financial support for laboratory personnel, and participation of student and visiting researchers supported by other sources of funding.听

Any Federal department or agency with an annual extramural research expenditure of over $100,000,000. This term has the same meaning as 鈥渇unding agency鈥� in NSPM-33.

Effort organized, managed听or funded by a foreign government, or a foreign government instrumentality or entity, to recruit science and technology professionals or students (regardless of citizenship or national origin, or whether having a full-time or part-time position). Some foreign government-sponsored talent recruitment programs operate with the intent to import or otherwise acquire from abroad, sometimes through illicit means, proprietary technology or software, unpublished data and methods, and intellectual property to further the military modernization goals and/or economic goals of a foreign government. Many, but not all, programs aim to incentivize the targeted individual to relocate physically to the foreign state for the above purpose. Some programs allow for or encourage continued employment at United States research facilities or receipt of Federal research funds while concurrently working at and/or receiving compensation from a foreign institution, and some direct participants not to disclose their participation to United States entities. Compensation could take many forms including cash, research funding, complimentary foreign travel, honorific titles, career advancement opportunities, promised future compensation, or other types of remuneration or consideration, including in-kind compensation.

A payment of money or anything of value for an appearance, speech, article听or other form of compensation or award.听

Appointments and positions conveyed in a formal manner (e.g., via appointment letter, executed offer letter, employment contract) by one鈥檚 primary place of employment or by another organization. For those in academia, the responsibilities of such appointments and positions reside in administration (e.g. president, chancellor, provost or vice-president; associate or assistant vice-president; vice-provost; associate or assistant viseprovost; dean; associate or assistant dean; department, program听or institute director or chair), though of course such positions also sometimes involve teaching, research听and service. For those outside academia, institutional appointments and positions encompass a wide range of titles (e.g. chief executive officer, chief operating officer, chief technology officer, chief information officer, president, chief research officer; and vice president; regional manager; section, group or project leader, project member). Individuals within both academic and non-academic institutions also may be appointed by their institution to serve in a formal capacity at another organization, foreign or domestic (e.g.听as a visiting researcher or faculty member, team member on a corporate project, or as a paid consultant to local, state or Federal organizations). Additionally, individuals within both academic and non-academic institutions may be appointed to an institutional position by an organization or organizations, foreign or domestic, other than their own.听

1. Any program, position, or activity that includes compensation in the form of cash, in-kind compensation, including research funding, promised future compensation, complimentary foreign travel, things of non de minimis value, honorific titles, career advancement opportunities, or other types of remuneration or consideration directly provided by a foreign country at any level (national, provincial or local) or their designee, or an entity based in, funded by, or affiliated with a foreign country, whether or not directly sponsored by the foreign country, to the targeted individual, whether directly or indirectly stated in the arrangement, contract, or other documentation at issue, in exchange for the individual鈥�
   1. engaging in the unauthorized transfer of intellectual property, materials, data products, or other nonpublic information owned by a United States entity or developed with a Federal to the government of a foreign country or an entity based in, funded by听or affiliated with a foreign country regardless of whether that government or entity provided support for the development of the intellectual property, materials or data products;
   2. being required to recruit trainees or researchers to enroll in such program, position, or activity;
   3. establishing a laboratory or company, accepting a faculty position or undertaking any other employment or appointment in a foreign country or with an entity based in, funded by听or affiliated with a foreign country if such activities are in violation of the standard terms and conditions of a Federal research and development award
   4. being unable to terminate the foreign talent recruitment program contract or agreement except in extraordinary circumstances;
   5. through funding or effort related to the foreign talent recruitment program, being limited in the capacity to carry out a research and development award or required to engage in work that would result in substantial overlap or duplication with a Federal research and development award;
   6. being required to apply for and successfully receive funding from the sponsoring foreign government鈥檚 funding agencies with the sponsoring foreign organization as the ;
   7. being required to omit acknowledgment of the recipient institution with which the individual is affiliated, or the sponsoring the research and development award, contrary to the institutional policies or standard terms and conditions of the Federal research and development award;
   8. being required to not disclose to the Federal research agency or employing institution the participation of such individual in such program, position or activity; or
   9. having a conflict of interest or conflict of commitment contrary to the standard terms and conditions of the Federal research and development award.
2. A program that is sponsored by鈥�
   1. a foreign country of concern or an entity based in a foreign country of concern, whether or not directly sponsored by the foreign country of concern;
   2. an academic institution on the list developed under section 1286(c)(8) of the John S. McCain National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019 (10 U.S.C. 2358 note; Public Law 115鈥� 232 ); or
   3. a foreign talent recruitment program on the list developed under section 1286(c)(9) of the John S. McCain National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019 (10 U.S.C. 2358 note; 1 Public Law 115鈥�232).

The following are not considered malign foreign talent recruitment programs unless such activities are funded, organized听or managed by an academic institution or a foreign talent recruitment program on the lists developed under paragraphs (8) and (9) of section 1286(c) of the John S. McCain National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019 (10 U.S.C. 4001 note; Public Law 115鈥�232):

• making scholarly presentations and publishing written materials regarding scientific information not otherwise controlled under current law;
• participation in international conferences or other international exchanges, research projects or programs that involve open and reciprocal exchange of scientific information, and which are aimed at advancing international scientific understanding and not otherwise controlled under current law;
• advising a foreign student enrolled at an institution of higher education or writing a recommendation for such a student, at such student鈥檚 request.

Includes basic research, applied research and experimental development. Basic research is experimental or theoretical work undertaken primarily to acquire new knowledge of the underlying foundations of phenomena and observable facts. Applied research is original investigation undertaken in order to acquire new knowledge and directed primarily towards a specific practical aim or objective. Experimental development is creative and systematic work, drawing on knowledge gained from research and practical experience, which is directed at producing new products or processes or improving existing products or processes. Like research, experimental development will result in gaining additional knowledge. Experimental development includes the production of materials, devices听and systems or methods, including the design, construction听and testing of experimental prototypes. Experimental development also includes technology demonstrations in cases where a system or component is being demonstrated at scale for the first time, and it is realistic to expect additional refinements to the design (feedback R&D) following the demonstration.

The use of honest and verifiable methods in proposing, performing听and evaluating research; reporting research results with particular attention to adherence to rules, regulations听and guidelines; and following commonly accepted professional codes or norms.

An entity that has applied for or received an R&D award from a Federal research agency. This term has the same meaning as 鈥渆ntity鈥� as defined in Section 223 of the NDAA for 2021.